The constitution of 1906 and the islamic republic constitution of 1979 both recognized all the minority religions except bahaism which has had approximately 80,000 adherents, although the exact figure of its followers is not known. A comparative overview of the iranian constitutions of 1906. Although principles underlined in constitution of iran have been followed by islamic. Ciardp80t00942a0006000700020 25x1 approved for release 20020509 the iranian constitution the demands ollranian political and religious opposi tion leaders that the shah return to the constitu tionhas prompted this brief examination o. Americas neocons continue to beat the drums for war with iran, brushing aside warnings even from israeli intelligence veterans. Constitution of the islamic republic of iran in the name of god, the compassionate, the merciful. Preamble to the 1979 iranian constitution hanover college. How iran is ruled click on the flow chart below to find out more about irans complex political system. So, hashemi rafsanjani applied pragmatic policy and attempted to combine. A copy of the iranian constitution may be obtained from the iran analytic center, telephone confidential rp 791 january 1979 approved for release 20020509. Reza shah, the elder pahlavi, came to power during the 1920s after promoting the idea of. The constitution of the islamic republic of iran sets forth the cultural, social, political, and economic institutions of iranian society on the basis of islamic principles and norms, which represent the earnest aspiration of the. The iranian governments behavior has been consistent since the 1979 revolution.
A comparative overview of the iranian constitutions of 190607 and 1979 article in iran and the caucasus 102. This constitution was later on amended to give the supreme. Jun 09, 2009 the constitution describes him as the secondhighest ranking official in the country. Politics and the state in the islamic republic schirazi, asghar on. Since the islamic revolution in iran in 1979, the united states and iran have been at odds. Following the success of the revolution, the islamists instituted a theocratic dictatorship and wiped out the workers movement and the left. May 16, 2017 exporting the revolution in irans constitution. The constitution of the islamic republic of iran, setting forth as it does the political, social, cultural, and economic institutions and their relations that are to exist in society, must now provide for the consolidation of the foundations of islamic government, and propose the plan of a new system of government to be erected on the ruins of. Constitution of the islamic republic of iran, 1979. Background to the revolution shah reza pahlevi, returning to iran after a weeklong exile due to the failled mohamed mossadegh coup detat. Preamble the constitution of the islamic republic of iran advances the cultural, social, political, and economic institutions of iranian society based on islamic principles and norms, which represent an honest aspiration of the islamic ummah community. A new constitution of the islamic republic of iran was adopted in 1979. The constitution of the islamic republic of iran advances the cultural, social, political, and economic institutions of iranian society based on islamic principles and norms, which represent an honest aspiration of the islamic ummah.
These topic pages provide a quick overview and easy access to all content that can be found on ace for any give topic of interest weather encyclopaedia files, electoral materials, comparative data, consolidated replies, case studies, or other. We have sent our apostles with veritable signs and brought down with them scriptures and the scales of justice, so that men might conduct themselves with fairness. Khomeinis concept of velayatefaqih rule by a supreme islamic jurisprudent, or supreme leader was enshrined in the constitution that was adopted in a public referendum in december 1979 and amended in 1989. The islamic republican party of iran in the factory. The amendment to the constitution of the islamic republic of iran was also subject to a referendum on 31 june 1989 and was approved by an overwhelming majority. The islamic consultative assembly irans legislative body, the islamic consultative assembly is analogous to the united states congress. Constitution of the islamic republic of iran financial disclosure. The safavid dynasty ruled iran until 1722, when an afghan army invaded the country and captured isfahan. The constitution of the islamic republic of iran bespeaking the cultural, social, political and economic. The causes of the constitutional revolution in iran.
Applying the sixday war to iran may 17, 2012 exclusive. Iran islamic republic ofs constitution of 1979 with amendments. Irans new islamic constitution stipulated that the president of iran would nominate the iranian cabinet, including the prime minister, which was to be approved by a voteofconfidence in the iranian parliament. Constitution of the islamic republic of iran foundation for. Exporting the revolution in irans constitution and the.
The leader in the islamic system of governance has the. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Constitution of iran constitutional background the former monarchy and the constitution of 1906 were abolished by the revolution of february 1979. Jan 19, 2016 the iranian governments behavior has been consistent since the 1979 revolution.
Attributes of the state that made the revolutions more likely. That force is just a step or a misstep away from war. Following the iranian revolution of 1979, the position of shah was removed as the head of state, effectively ending irans history of monarchy. In the islamic republic of iran, during the absence ghayba of his holiness, the lord. In the iranian revolution of 1979, ayatollah sayyid ruhollah musavi khomeini ousted mohammad reza pahlavi, who succeeded his father as shah of iran in the early 1950s. The constitution of iran politics and the state in the islamic republic asghar schirazi. The constitution of islamic republic of iran iran chamber society.
The constitution of the islamic republic of iran qanuni asasiyi jomhuiriyi islkmiyi iran has replaced iran s first constitution. The constitution that iran adopted states the objective of exporting the revolution. Constitution of the islamic republic encyclopaedia iranica. Significant amendments were adopted on 28 july 1989. The constitution of 1979 was created by a directly elected 73man assembly of clerics called the. Constitution of the islamic republic of iran foundation. Iran islamic republic of s constitution of 1979 with amendments through 1989. Article 29 considers it a persons right to have access to \social protection in retirement. In the name of allah, the compassionate, the merciful. The structure of power in the islamic republic wilfried buchta a joint publication of the washington institute for near east policy and the. We have sent our apostles with veritable signs and brought down with them scriptures and the scales of justice, so that men might conduct themselves with fairness preamble. The role of supreme leader in the constitution is based on the ideas of ayatollah khomeini, who positioned the leader at the top of irans political power structure. The constitution of the islamic republic of iran qanuni asasiyi jomhuiriyi islkmiyi iran has replaced irans first constitution. To retain its legitimacy and religious standing, the clergy may have to distance itself from politics.
Polk the united states has assembled the most powerful military force ever known on the borders of iran. Exporting the revolution in irans constitution and the mahdi. A history of modern iran in a radical reappraisal of irans modern history, ervand abrahamian traces its traumatic journey across the twentieth century, through the discoveryofoil,imperialinterventions,theruleofthepahlavis,and,in 1979, revolution and the birth of the islamic republic. It is chaired by clerics with the equivalent of a masters degree in religion. The 1979 constitution dates 24 oct 1979 and is in force since 3 dec 1979.
The result was a victory for the islamic republican party. The constitution of the islamic republic of iran sets forth the cultural, social. Mohammed mosaddeq shahs rule post mossaddeq at the time of the revolution the government of iran was an autocratic state. The causes of the constitutional revolution in iran 383 although marx and engels considered ideologies to be a part of the super structure dependent upon the social structures, they did not deny the possibility that radical ideologists could, at times, develop into independent forces capable of helping undermine the ruling class. Following the iranian revolution of 1979, the position of shah was removed as the head of state, effectively ending iran s history of monarchy. February 1, 1979, and, on february 11, 1979, he declared an islamic republic of iran.
This republican constitution replaced the 1906 constitution, which, with its provisions for a shah to reign as head of state, was the earliest constitution in the middle east. Despite in the classical shiite jurisprudence that waging offensive jihad, or holy war, is an exclusive right of the infallible imam, khomeini believed that the shiite jurist had the authority to order it. A step in this direction was taken on march 30 and 31, 1979, when a national referendum was held to determine the kind of political system to be established. At this time, the constitution of the islamic republic of iran, as an articulation of the political, social, cultural, and economic relations and institutions of the society, was to open the way for af. It delegates power to a religious leader, originally the ayatollah khomeini, to be chosen by elected representatives. The constitution of the islamic republic of iran sets forth the cultural, social, political and economic institutions of the people of iran, based on islamic principles and rules, and reflecting the fundamental desires of the islamic people. Constitution of the islamic republic of iran adopted october 24, 1979 article 1 the form of government of iran is that of an islamic republic, endorsed by the people of iran on the basis of their longstanding. The causes of the constitutional revolution in iran 383 although marx and engels considered ideologies to be a part of the super structure dependent upon the social structures, they did not deny the possibility that radical ideologists could, at times, develop into independent forces. Article 24 of the constitution of the islamic republic of iran 1979, establishing the right to freedom of expression, qualifies that right. In practice, however, presidential powers are circumscribed by the clerics and conservatives in iran s power structure, and by the authority of the. Iran islamic republic ofs constitution of 1979 with.
Embedded in these opening refrains are intimations of a core tension that underpins many debates about censorship in the islamic republic. Iran gopo at international community school studyblue. Iran constitution of 1906 wikisource, the free online library. Constitution of the islamic republic of iran wikipedia. Chapter xiv the revision of the constitution article 177 revision by council and referendum for methodology see. Modernization and westernization with not a great effect on the masses.
Constitutional revolution iran oxford islamic studies. This controversial religion is known among the iranian muslim. A populist revolution in 197879 put an end to irans longstanding tradi. The government is based upon the constitution that was approved in a national referendum in december 1979. From october of 1977 to february of 1979, the people of iran called for the end of the monarchy but they didnt necessarily agree on what should replace it.
Constitutional convention elections were held in iran on 3 and 4 august 1979. Oct 05, 2010 since 1979, irans theocratic regime has deprived the entire clerical class of its autonomybut also made it rich and powerful. The form of government of iran is that of an islamic republic, endorsed by the people of iran on the basis of their longstanding belief in the sovereignty of truth and quranic justice, in the referendum of farwardin 9 and 10 in the year 58 of the solar islamic calendar, corresponding to jamadialawwal 1 and 2 in the year 99 of the lunar. Pre1979 iranian government by samuel nehama on prezi. Preamble to the 1979 iranian constitution original electronic texts at the international constitutional law web site. View 1979 iranian revolution research papers on academia. The iranian revolution a history and analysis of the revolution in which socialists aligned themselves with islamists to overthrow the westbacked shah. News corp is a network of leading companies in the worlds of diversified media, news, education, and information services. Department of economics virginia tech version may 2006 abstract despite nearly three decades of revolutionary government rule in iran poverty and inequality remain the central issues of political debate in iran.
The 270 member assembly is endowed with many of the same powersit is the main lawmaking body of the country. The constitution, having regard to the islamic contents of the iranian. The iranian constitution was adopted on 24 october 1979, and was the effective law of the country as of 3 december of that same year. The iranian constitution is a reflection of the islamic theocracy and. The supplement motammem to the constitution qanune asasi, lit. Comparing constitutions and international constitutional law. A comparative overview of the iranian constitutions of. Islamic calendar march 29 and 30, 1979, through the affirmative vote of a majority of. Constitution of the islamic republic encyclopaedia. The constitution that iran adopted states the objective of exporting the. Iran s new islamic constitution stipulated that the president of iran would nominate the iranian cabinet, including the prime minister, which was to be approved by a voteofconfidence in the iranian parliament. Constitution of the islamic republic of iran wikisource.
Each morning as i awake, i rush to the television to find out if it has been taken. The constitution has been called a hybrid of theocratic and democratic elements. The template infobox legislature is being considered for merging. Sep 21, 2019 the constitution of the islamic republic of iran, setting forth as it does the political, social, cultural, and economic institutions and their relations that are to exist in society, must now provide for the consolidation of the foundations of islamic government, and propose the plan of a new system of government to be erected on the ruins of. Reza shah, the elder pahlavi, came to power during the 1920s after promoting the idea of 2,500 years of persian monarchy mohammadi 38. Constitutional revolution iran oxford islamic studies online. Constitutional revolution iran iranian revolution, 1905 11, caused by dissatisfaction with economic stagnation, influence of western power, and results of the russojapanese war of 1904 05 and the russian revolution of 1905. The new constitution drawn up by the body was approved by the voters in a referendum in december. Iran is a heterogeneous country combining many ethnic, religious, tribal, and. The adoption of the new constitution was the second major development after the seizure of power by the revolutionary forces in tehran on february 11, 1979, and the fall of the government of shahpur. Any serious crisis in iran could jeopardize the clergys favored position in government. He is head of the executive branch of power and is responsible for ensuring the constitution is implemented. Khomeini had charged the provisional government with the task of drawing up a draft constitution. Preamble the introductory phrases of the iranian constitution outline the role media is expected in play in the propagation of revolutionary islamic values.
Since 1979, irans theocratic regime has deprived the entire clerical class of its autonomybut also made it rich and powerful. The iranian revolution past, present and future brought the safavids into direct conflict with the ottoman empire and led to two centuries of intermittent warfare between those two powerful states. The constitution of the islamic republic of iran was adopted by referendum on 2 and 3 december 1979, and went into force replacing the constitution of 1906. The constitution of islamic republic of iran in the name of god, the compassionate, the merciful. Pdf foreign policy of iran after islamic revolution researchgate. Nov 25, 2019 from october of 1977 to february of 1979, the people of iran called for the end of the monarchy but they didnt necessarily agree on what should replace it.
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